circZBTB44通过调控AKT通路促进肾透明细胞癌增殖和迁移的研究

目的 探究circZBTB44在肾透明细胞癌中的表达情况及探讨circZBTB44在肾透明细胞癌中的生物学功能及促进肾透明细胞癌细胞进展的可能机制。方法 通过qRT-PCR法检测circZBTB44在我院21对肾透明细胞癌组织及细胞系786-O、ACHN中的表达水平;通过放线菌素D实验、RNase R实验、核浆分离实验鉴定circZBTB44的特征;通过siRNA下调circZBTB44的表达后,通过MTS细胞增殖实验、克隆形成实验及Transwell迁移实验来探究circZBTB44对肾透明细胞癌786-O、ACHN的生物学功能影响;通过蛋白免疫印迹实验来探究circZBTB44调控的下游通路。结果 circZBTB44在肾透明细胞癌组织和细胞株786-O和ACHN中明显高表达。下调circZBTB44的表达可明显抑制786-O和ACHN的增殖和迁移能力。下调circZBTB44可抑制肾透明细胞癌786-O和ACHN细胞中AKT的磷酸化。结论 circZBTB44在肾透明细胞癌中高表达。circZBTB44可能通过调控AKT信号通路促进肾透明细胞癌的增殖和迁移。     

Fatal unexpected death due to X-linked lymphoproliferative disease

X-linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP) is a rare immunodeficiency disease characterized by severe immune disorder and extreme vulnerability to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections. Here we report a 14-month-old Chinese boy presenting with fulminant infectious mononucleosis (FIM) following EBV infection, and died of hepatic failure within one week of disease progression. Postmortem examination revealed icterus, ascites, extensive enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes and hepatosplenomegaly. Histopathological examination showed diffuse proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphoid cells and hemophagocytosis in multiple organs. The family history revealed his brother had died under similar circumstances at 5 five years of age. The cause of death of the boy was ascribed to XLP. To the best of our knowledge, there is few autopsy-confirmed XLP case in the forensic practice. The complicated manifestations and systemic pathological changes should be well recognized by clinicians and forensic pathologists.     

Electroacupuncture improves learning and memory functions in a rat cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury model through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation

Electroacupuncture has been widely used to treat cognitive impairment after cerebral ischemia, but the underlying mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated. Studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in the formation and development of cognitive impairment, and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3 K)/Akt signaling pathway plays an important role in autophagy regulation. To investigate the role played by the PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway in the electroacupuncture treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rat models, we first established a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion through the occlusion of the middle cerebral artery using the suture method. Starting at 2 hours after modeling, electroacupuncture was delivered at the Shenting(GV24) and Baihui(GV20) acupoints, with a dilatational wave(1–20 Hz frequency, 2 mA intensity, 6 V peak voltage), for 30 minutes/day over 8 consecutive days. Our results showed that electroacupuncture reduced the infarct volume in a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, increased the mRNA expression levels of the PI3 K/Akt signaling pathwayrelated factors Beclin-1, mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR), and PI3 K, increased the protein expression levels of phosphorylated Akt, Beclin-1, PI3 K, and mTOR in the ischemic cerebral cortex, and simultaneously reduced p53 mRNA and protein expression levels. In the Morris water maze test, the latency to find the hidden platform was significantly shortened among rats subjected to electroacupuncture stimulation compared with rats without electroacupuncture stimulation. In the spatial probe test, the number of times that a rat crossed the target quadrant was increased in rats subjected to electroacupuncture stimulation compared with rats without electroacupuncture stimulation. Electroacupuncture stimulation applied to the Shenting(GV24) and Baihui(GV20) acupoints activated the PI3 K/Akt signaling pathway and improved rat learning and memory impairment. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China(approval No. 8150150901) on March 10, 2016.     

Decoding signaling pathways involved in prolactin-induced neuroprotection: A review

It has been well recognized that prolactin (PRL), a pleiotropic hormone, has many functions in the brain, such as maternal behavior, neurogenesis, and neuronal plasticity, among others. Recently, it has been reported to have a significant role in neuroprotection against excitotoxicity. Glutamate excitotoxicity is a common alteration in many neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, leading to neuronal death. In this sense, several efforts have been made to decrease the progression of these pathologies. Despite various reports of PRL’s neuroprotective effect against excitotoxicity, the signaling pathways that underlie this mechanism remain unclear. This review aims to describe the most recent and relevant studies on the molecular signaling pathways, particularly, PI3K/AKT, NF-κB, and JAK2/STAT5, which are currently under investigation and might be implicated in the molecular mechanisms that explain the PRL effects against excitotoxicity and neuroprotection. Remarkable neuroprotective effects of PRL might be useful in the treatment of some neurological diseases.     

正畸力调控牙周膜干细胞成骨分化的动物实验研究

目的 研究不同正畸力值对牙周膜干细胞(periodontal ligament stem cells,PDLSCs)分化的作用及机制.方法 分别用50 g、150 g力值建立大鼠牙齿移动模型,加力7d后分离培养PDLSCs,检测其生物学功能和分子信号通路.结果 相比对照组,加力7d后,50 g力值组大鼠第一磨牙近中移动,150 g力值组移动距离大于50 g力值组.分离培养不同组PDLSCs,50 g力值组PDLSCs成骨和成脂分化能力均高于对照组;150 g力值组PDLSCs成骨分化能力小于对照组,而成脂分化能力大于对照组.机制研究显示50 g力值组PDLSCs的active-β-catenin表达水平高于对照组,而150 g力值组PDLSCs的active-β-catenin表达水平低于对照组.结论 不同正畸力值对PDLSCs作用不同,50 g力值促进PDLSCs成骨和成脂分化,而150 g力值抑制其成骨分化.     

Delta-like canonical Notch ligand 3 as a potential therapeutic target in malignancies: A brief overview

Delta-like canonical Notch ligand 3 (DLL3) is a member of the Delta/Serrate/Lag2 (DSL) Notch receptor ligand family and plays a crucial role in Notch signaling, which influences various cellular processes including differentiation, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. DLL3 is expressed throughout the presomitic mesoderm and is localized to the rostral somatic compartments; mutations in DLL3 induce skeletal abnormalities such as spondylocostal dysostosis. Recently, DLL3 has attracted interest as a novel molecular target due to its high expression in neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung. Moreover, a DLL3-targeting Ab-drug conjugate, rovalpituzumab tesirine (ROVA-T), has been developed as a new treatment with proven antitumor activity. However, the development of ROVA-T was suspended because of shorter overall survival compared to topotecan, the second-line standard treatment. Thus, several studies on the mechanism and function of DLL3 in several malignancies are underway to find a new strategy for targeting DLL3. In this review, we discuss the roles of DLL3 in various malignancies and the future perspectives of DLL3-related research, especially as a therapeutic target.     

A hotspot mutation in transcription factor IKZF3 drives B cell neoplasia via transcriptional dysregulation

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